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Så stor är chansen att du ersätts av en robot
Jobbar du inom telemarketing? Då ligger du pyrt till. Forskare har nämligen räknat ut att bland drygt 700 yrken är telefonförsäljning det jobb som mest sannolikt kommer att utföras av en robot inom en snar framtid. Men andra yrken är också i fara.
Känner du dig som en själlös robot när du släpar dig till jobbet om mornarna kan det vara ett tecken på att ditt jobb faktiskt inom bara några decennier kan komma att datoriseras. Forskare i Lund och Oxford har listat 702 yrken utifrån risken att utövarna kommer att ersättas av en robot framöver.
- Det innebär inte att jobben som står längst ner på rankinglistan kommer att försvinna – vi har ingen kristallkula utan vi säger bara att det är teknologiskt möjligt om 10-20 år att automatisera vissa yrken, säger Carl Benedict Frey, forskare vid Lunds universitet, som tillsammans med kollegan Michael A. Osborne, Robotic Research Group, står bakom undersökningen.
Fast egentligen är det en dator som luskat ut vilka jobb som kan komma att datoriseras. Undersökningen baseras på statistik på arbetsuppgifter från en yrkesdatabas och forskarna har sedan matat in algoritmer i en dator som hittat vissa mönster bland de 702 yrkeskategorierna.
- Det är det som är det ironiska. Datorer är fruktansvärt duktiga på att lösa problem när det finns tillräckligt bra data, men vi påvisar att vi också behövs för att säga till datorerna vad som ska göras, säger Carl Benedict Frey.
Jobbar du som arbetsterapeut är risken för att du ska ersättas av en robot i det närmaste obefintlig. Sannolikheten är enligt rankinglistan bara 0,028 procent. Men jobbar du inom telemarketing kan det vara läge att se dig om efter ett annat yrke eftersom sannolikheten att jobbet automatiseras skattas till 99 procent.
- Det finns redan i dag mer eller mindre automatiserade callcenter, säger Carl Benedict Frey.
Ordermottagare är inte heller något framtidsyrke. Det är 98 procents risk att det automatiseras inom de närmaste 20 åren. Det generalla kontortjänstemannajobbet ligger också i farozonen – risken för att det robotiseras är 96 procent. Som hotellreceptionist kan du känna dig aningen tryggare – 94 procent. Är du guide, instrumentreparatör eller skriver spel- och sportböcker är risken 91 procent.
Bättre då att satsa på att bli flygvärdinna (35 procent) begravningsentreprenör (20 procent), PR-specialist (18 procent) eller att jobba med personal (0,055 procent).
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No guaranteed wages in Northvolt's US reconstruction
Northvolt's financial troubles continue. Now, the battery manufacturer's hopes rest on a reconstruction in the USA. However, the process means that the state guaranteed wages – lönegaranti – will not apply to Union members.
The clock is ticking for the struggling battery manufacturer Northvolt. During the autumn, debts have piled up with the Swedish Enforcement Authority, and recently several of the company's major shareholders withdrew from negotiations for new financing. Since its inception in 2015, Northvolt has raised SEK 110 billion, but now the money is almost gone. According to CEO Peter Carlsson, they need to raise just over SEK 10 billion in the coming year, but so far the search for new financing has been fruitless.
Maintaining control with Chapter 11
Therefore, Northvolt has now taken the next step to save the company. The management has applied for a so-called Chapter 11 procedure, a type of reconstruction process in the USA that was recently used by the airline SAS. One possible explanation for the battery manufacturer turning to an American court is that it is considered doubtful that Northvolt would be granted a Swedish reconstruction, as it requires the company to be fundamentally viable. Another advantage of Chapter 11 is that the management is likely to retain control over the company.
No guaranteed wages for employees
However, there is a downside – for the employees. In an American process, Northvolt's employees will not be able to benefit from the Swedish state guaranteed wages - lönegaranti - according to several legal experts contacted by Kollega.
– The Swedish state does not pay any guaranteed wages if the company has not initiated a reconstruction or bankruptcy in Sweden. If Northvolt only initiates a Chapter 11 procedure in the USA, all the company's obligations to employees in Sweden to pay wages and other compensation according to the employment contract remain, says Hans Andersson, chairman of the Swedish Association of Restructuring and Bankruptcy Administrators.
If Union members at Northvolt do not receive their wages, the union can, however, request the company to be declared bankrupt in a Swedish court.
– If Northvolt does not pay wages on time, the employee or the union can collect the wages through the Enforcement Authority and ultimately request that the company be declared bankrupt if the wages are not settled, explains Hans Andersson.
Unionen: "Will collect unpaid wages"
Filip Vujcic, a union lawyer at Unionen, also assesses that members cannot benefit from the state guaranteed wages when a corporate reconstruction is initiated in the USA.
– This means that Unionen, in the event of future unpaid wages, needs to safeguard its members' rights through wage collection. According to Swedish bankruptcy rules, a corporate reconstruction in the USA does not prevent a member's bankruptcy application from being examined in a Swedish court, he says.
Will Unionen request Northvolt to be declared bankrupt if members do not receive their wages?
– Unionen does not comment on that question at this time.
*In wage collection, Unionen usually sends a demand letter to the employer, who has seven days to pay the wages. If the wages are still not paid, the employer receives a payment order via service. If that does not help either, Unionen sends a bankruptcy application to the district court.
This text has been translated with the help of AI.
CHAPTER 11
- American reconstruction process aimed at giving a company a chance to continue with all or parts of its operations. Normally, no administrator is appointed, and the debtor continues to run the business themselves.
- The company must present a plan that must be approved by the court. The plan aims to determine which debts the debtor should pay and which debts should be written off. The plan also provides the opportunity to terminate unfavorable contracts and reorganize the business so that it can continue to operate profitably.
- One advantage of turning to a court in the USA instead of using the Swedish reconstruction process is that a Chapter 11 has an impact in several countries. If a group has companies in different countries, they are all drawn under the same process instead of carrying it out in each country and risking different outcomes.
